Scientists Turn Skin Cells Into Cardiac Cells to Help Failing Hearts

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Blacks Less Likely to Get Help on Scene After Cardiac Arrest: Study

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Pot Belly Boosts Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: Study

HealthDay – 1 hr 35 mins ago WEDNESDAY, May 9 (HealthDay News) -- A "spare tire" around the midsection raises the odds of sudden cardiac death in obese people, a new study finds.

A larger waist-to-hip ratio matters even more than body-mass index when it comes to sudden cardiac death risk, said study researcher Dr. Selcuk Adabag, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. Body-mass index is a measure of weight relative to height used to determine normal weight and obesity.

Obesity, a moderate risk factor for sudden cardiac death, and apple-shaped bodies often go hand in hand.

"The significance of this study is that it shows that abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death, even after accounting for factors such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease," said Adabag, who is also a cardiac electrophysiologist at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Minneapolis.

Adabag was scheduled to present the findings Wednesday at the annual meeting of the Heart Rhythm Society in Boston.

Sudden cardiac death is responsible for more than 250,000 deaths in the United States each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is defined as death that occurs within an hour of initial symptoms. Besides obesity, risk factors include coronary heart disease and heart rhythm problems.

For the study, Adabag looked at the records of more than 15,000 people with an average age of 54 from four U.S. locales who were enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Over 13 years, more than 300 of the participants experienced sudden cardiac death.

After Adabag took into account age, sex, race, education, smoking status and family history of heart disease, he found that body-mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio all were linked with sudden cardiac death.

"I expected there would be some relationship with all

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Study Supports CPR Chest Compressions for Cardiac Arrest

HealthDay – 21 mins ago MONDAY, April 2 (HealthDay News) -- People in cardiac arrest who can't be helped by a defibrillator are more apt to survive if they receive CPR in accordance with updated guidelines that stress chest compressions, a new study finds.

Researchers reporting in April 2 in Circulation said their findings are significant, since nearly 75 percent of cardiac arrests are "non-shockable," meaning they will not respond to a defibrillator.

"By any measure -- such as the return of pulse and circulation or improved brain recovery -- we found that implementing the new guidelines in these patients resulted in better outcomes from cardiac arrest," the study's lead author, Dr. Peter J. Kudenchuk, professor of medicine at the University of Washington, Seattle, said in a journal news release.

Although there have been few life-saving options for patients who suffer non-shockable cardiac arrest, the study's authors said changes the American Heart Association (AHA) made to its CPR guidelines in 2005 have improved patients' chances of survival. The AHA's changes shifted the focus to more chest compressions with fewer interruptions.

In conducting the study, Kudenchuk and colleagues researchers identified almost 4,000 people who experienced non-shockable cardiac arrest from 2000 to 2010. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had their arrest before the CPR guidelines were changed and those who had their non-shockable arrest after the changes took effect.

After comparing the survival rates of these two groups, the study revealed the patients' likelihood of survival rose from 4.6 percent to 6.8 percent once the new guidelines were in place. The researchers also found the proportion of patients who survived with good brain function increased from 3.4 percent to 5.1 percent and the patients' one-year survival almost doubled, from 2.7 percent to 4.9 percent.

"Now, for the first time, we have seen a treatment that improves survival specifically in these patients," said Kudenchuk. "And that treatment is simply providing the more intense, quality CPR recommended in the new guidelines. You could save 2,500 more lives each year in North America alone by implementing these changes."

Although more research is needed to confirm their findings, the study's authors argued that survival rates among those who suffer non-shockable cardiac arrest can be improved if the AHA's updated CPR guidelines are properly followed.

More information

The U.S. National Institutes of Health provides more information on CPR.

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